Dr. Sdrulla’s research is focused on the synaptic mechanisms of spinal cord stimulation (SCS), in an effort to optimize the efficacy of SCS devices and address safety concerns. Dr. Sdrulla and colleagues at Johns Hopkins University identified a novel form of synaptic depression in the spinal cord in mice, induced by conditioning protocols similar to those used clinically in SCS systems. Dr. Sdrulla’s research combines electrophysiological recordings and in vivo multiphoton imaging. As a dedicated clinician scientist, Dr. Sdrulla hopes his research will help advance non-pharmacological therapeutic modalities for refractory pain.