Clinical References

Allan S. Lieberthal, Aaron E. Carroll, Tasnee Chonmaitree, Theodore G. Ganiats, Alejandro Hoberman, Mary Anne Jackson, Mark D. Joffe, Donald T. Miller, Richard M. Rosenfeld, Xavier D. Sevilla, Richard H. Schwartz, Pauline A. Thomas, David E. Tunkel; The Diagnosis and Management of Acute Otitis Media. Pediatrics March 2013; 131 (3): e964–e999. 10.1542/peds.2012-3488

Lee MO, Sivasankar S, Pokrajac N, Smith C, Lumba-Brown A. Emergency department treatment of asthma in children: A review. J Am Coll Emerg Physicians Open. 2020;1(6):1552-1561. Published 2020 Aug 21. doi:10.1002/emp2.12224

Keeney GE, Gray MP, Morrison AK, et al. “Dexamethasone for acute asthma exacerbations in children: a meta-analysis”. Pediatrics. March 2014; 133(3): 493-9

Ralston SL, Lieberthal AS, Meissner HC, et al. “Clinical practice guideline: the diagnosis, management, and prevention of bronchiolitis”. Pediatrics. Nov 2014; 134(5): e1474-e1502

Franklin D, Babl FE, Schlapbach LJ, Oakley E, Craig S, Neutze J, Furyk J, Fraser JF, Jones M, Whitty JA, Dalziel SR, Schibler A. A Randomized Trial of High-Flow Oxygen Therapy in Infants with Bronchiolitis. N Engl J Med. 2018 Mar 22;378(12):1121-1131. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1714855. PMID: 29562151.

Tieder JS, Bonkowsky JL, Etzel RA, et al. “Brief resolved unexplained events (formerly apparent life-threatening events) and evaluation of lower-risk infants”. Pediatrics. May 2016; 137(5)

Smith DK, McDermott AJ, Sullivan JF. Croup: Diagnosis and Management. Am Fam Physician. 2018 May 1;97(9):575-580. PMID: 29763253.

Kuppermann N, Ghetti S, Schunk JE, Stoner MJ, Rewers A, McManemy JK, Myers SR, Nigrovic LE, Garro A, Brown KM, Quayle KS, Trainor JL, Tzimenatos L, Bennett JE, DePiero AD, Kwok MY, Perry CS 3rd, Olsen CS, Casper TC, Dean JM, Glaser NS; PECARN DKA FLUID Study Group. Clinical Trial of Fluid Infusion Rates for Pediatric Diabetic Ketoacidosis. N Engl J Med. 2018 Jun 14;378(24):2275-2287. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1716816. PMID: 29897851; PMCID: PMC6051773.

Subcommittee on Febrile Seizures; Febrile Seizures: Guideline for the Neurodiagnostic Evaluation of the Child With a Simple Febrile Seizure. Pediatrics February 2011; 127 (2): 389–394. 10.1542/peds.2010-3318

Amir Kimia, Elana Pearl Ben-Joseph, Tiffany Rudloe, Andrew Capraro, Dean Sarco, David Hummel, Patrick Johnston, Marvin B. Harper; Yield of Lumbar Puncture Among Children Who Present With Their First Complex Febrile Seizure. Pediatrics July 2010; 126 (1): 62–69. 10.1542/peds.2009-2741

SUBCOMMITTEE ON FEBRILE INFANTS, Clinical Practice Guideline: Evaluation and Management of Well-Appearing Febrile Infants 8 to 60 Days Old. Pediatrics August 2021; 148 (2): e2021052228. 10.1542/peds.2021-052228

Tara L. Greenhow, Yun-Yi Hung, Arnd Herz; Bacteremia in Children 3 to 36 Months Old After Introduction of Conjugated Pneumococcal Vaccines. Pediatrics April 2017; 139 (4): e20162098. 10.1542/peds.2016-2098

Allan R. Tunkel, Barry J. Hartman, Sheldon L. Kaplan, Bruce A. Kaufman, Karen L. Roos, W. Michael Scheld, Richard J. Whitley, Practice Guidelines for the Management of Bacterial Meningitis, Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 39, Issue 9, 1 November 2004, Pages 1267–1284.

Feldstein, Leora R., et al. "Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in US children and adolescents." New England Journal of Medicine 383.4 (2020): 334-346.

Godfred-Cato S, Bryant B, Leung J, et al. COVID-19-Associated Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children - United States, March-July 2020 [published correction appears in MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020 Sep 04;69(35):1229]. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020;69(32):1074-1080. Published 2020 Aug 14. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm6932e2

Davidson AW. “Rock-paper-scissors”. Injury. Jan 2003; 61-3.

Stanford T. Shulman, Alan L. Bisno, Herbert W. Clegg, Michael A. Gerber, Edward L. Kaplan, Grace Lee, Judith M. Martin, Chris Van Beneden, Clinical Practice Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Group A Streptococcal Pharyngitis: 2012 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America, Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 55, Issue 10, 15 November 2012, Pages e86–e102

John S. Bradley, Carrie L. Byington, Samir S. Shah, Brian Alverson, Edward R. Carter, Christopher Harrison, Sheldon L. Kaplan, Sharon E. Mace, George H. McCracken, Jr, Matthew R. Moore, Shawn D. St Peter, Jana A. Stockwell, Jack T. Swanson, The Management of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Infants and Children Older Than 3 Months of Age: Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society and the Infectious Diseases Society of America, Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 53, Issue 7, 1 October 2011, Pages e25–e76

OHSU Pediatric Pneumonia Evidence Summary

OHSU Pediatric CAP Guideline

D. Hirtz, A. Berg, D. Bettis, C. Camfield, P. Camfield, P. Crumrine, W. D. Gaillard, S. Schneider, S. Shinnar. Practice parameter: Evaluating a first nonfebrile seizure in children. Report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology, the Child Neurology Society, and the American Epilepsy Society. Neurology Sep 2000, 55 (5) 616-623; DOI: 10.1212/WNL.55.5.616

Trinka E, Cock H, Hesdorffer D, Rossetti AO, Scheffer IE, Shinnar S, Shorvon S, Lowenstein DH. A definition and classification of status epilepticus--Report of the ILAE Task Force on Classification of Status Epilepticus. Epilepsia. 2015 Oct;56(10):1515-23. doi: 10.1111/epi.13121. Epub 2015 Sep 4. PMID: 26336950.

Kapur J, Elm J, Chamberlain JM, Barsan W, Cloyd J, Lowenstein D, Shinnar S, Conwit R, Meinzer C, Cock H, Fountain N, Connor JT, Silbergleit R; NETT and PECARN Investigators. Randomized Trial of Three Anticonvulsant Medications for Status Epilepticus. N Engl J Med. 2019 Nov 28;381(22):2103-2113. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1905795. PMID: 31774955; PMCID: PMC7098487.

Weiss SL, Peters MJ, Alhazzani W, et al. Surviving Sepsis Campaign International Guidelines for the Management of Septic Shock and Sepsis-Associated Organ Dysfunction in Children, Pediatric Critical Care Medicine: February 2020 - Volume 21 - Issue 2 - p e52-e106

Michael L. Beach, Daniel M. Cohen, Susan M. Gallagher, Joseph P. Cravero; Major Adverse Events and Relationship to Nil per Os Status in Pediatric Sedation/Anesthesia Outside the Operating Room: A Report of the Pediatric Sedation Research Consortium. Anesthesiology 2016; 124:80–88

Bellolio MF, Puls HA, Anderson JL, et alIncidence of adverse events in paediatric procedural sedation in the emergency department: a systematic review and meta-analysisBMJ Open 2016;6:e011384. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011384

Ellen R. Wald, Kimberly E. Applegate, Clay Bordley, David H. Darrow, Mary P. Glode, S. Michael Marcy, Carrie E. Nelson, Richard M. Rosenfeld, Nader Shaikh, Michael J. Smith, Paul V. Williams, Stuart T. Weinberg; Clinical Practice Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Acute Bacterial Sinusitis in Children Aged 1 to 18 Years. Pediatrics July 2013; 132 (1): e262–e280. 10.1542/peds.2013-1071

Dennis L. Stevens, Alan L. Bisno, Henry F. Chambers, E. Patchen Dellinger, Ellie J. C. Goldstein, Sherwood L. Gorbach, Jan V. Hirschmann, Sheldon L. Kaplan, Jose G. Montoya, James C. Wade, Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Skin and Soft Tissue Infections: 2014 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America, Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 59, Issue 2, 15 July 2014, Pages e10–e52

American College of Surgeons TQP Imaging Guidelines

Holmes JF, et al. “Identifying children at very low risk of clinically important blunt abdominal injuries”. Ann Emerg Med. 2013; 62(2):107-116

Kupperman N, et al. “Identification of children at very low risk of clinically-important brain injuries after head trauma: a prospective cohort study”. Lancet. 2009; 3(374):1160-70.

SUBCOMMITTEE ON URINARY TRACT INFECTION, Kenneth B. Roberts, Stephen M. Downs, S. Maria E. Finnell, Stanley Hellerstein, Linda D. Shortliffe, Ellen R. Wald, J. Michael Zerin; Reaffirmation of AAP Clinical Practice Guideline: The Diagnosis and Management of the Initial Urinary Tract Infection in Febrile Infants and Young Children 2–24 Months of Age. Pediatrics December 2016; 138 (6): e20163026. 10.1542/peds.2016-3026

OHSU Pediatric Urinary Tract Infection Guideline

OHSU Pediatric UTI Evidence Summary

Acute otitis media

Asthma

Bronchiolitis

BRUE (Brief, Resolved, Unexplained Event)

Croup

Diabetic ketoacidosis

Febrile seizure

Fever

Meningitis

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children

Orthopedics/Fractures

Pharyngitis

Pneumonia

Seizures (afebrile) and status epilepticus

Sepsis/Shock

Sedation

Sinusitis

Skin and soft tissue infections

Trauma

Urinary tract infections